What does Modifier 57 indicate when appended to an E/M code?

When Modifier 57 is appended to an Evaluation and Management (E/M) code, it specifically indicates that the E/M service provided was the initial decision to perform a major surgical procedure. This modifier is crucial for billing purposes because it alerts payers that the E/M service led to a surgical procedure, which requires separate payment.

Modifier 57 is typically used in scenarios where a patient is evaluated, and based on that evaluation, a decision is made for surgery at that same visit or shortly thereafter. In these cases, it's important to distinguish the initial assessment from the surgical procedure itself, as they are separate components of care.

The other options do not accurately reflect the purpose of Modifier 57. It does not simply indicate that a major surgical procedure was performed or that a second opinion was sought. Additionally, it is not used to signify a minor surgical procedure. Understanding the correct application of Modifier 57 is essential for proper coding and reimbursement in the context of surgical decision-making.